The Department of Natural Resources (NRCan) of Canada and the Department of Industry, Science and Resources (DISR) of the Commonwealth of Australia (Australia), hereinafter referred to as the “Participants”, recognize the strategic importance of critical minerals to the economic prosperity of our two countries. Canada and Australia are two large-scale likeminded producer nations holding some of the world’s most significant critical minerals and rare earth reserves. As representatives of producer nations, we concur on the need for our two nations to deepen our bilateral partnership to address the growing need for secure, diversified, and resilient critical minerals supply chains that reduce reliance on any single source.