One year ago, on 26 October 2025, the violence in and around El Fasher reached a devastating peak following months of siege and escalating attacks by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Civilians were subjected to horrific atrocities including mass killings, ethnically motivated killings, summary executions, torture, disappearances, forced recruitment, arbitrary detentions, and widespread sexual and gender-based violence. Entire communities were forcibly displaced, and humanitarian access was obstructed, exacerbating hunger, insecurity, human suffering and deprivation.